Francisez | Tiempos verbales en francés

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Tiempos verbales en francés

Hay muchos tiempos verbales en el idioma francés. Aquí encontrarás una infografía muy útil para asegurarte de que conoces todos los tiempos verbales.

Hay tantos tiempos verbales en francés que al principio pueden resultar abrumadores. Utiliza las siguientes infografías para entender mejor cuándo usar cada uno. Presta atención a cuáles son tiempos literarios. Los tiempos literarios solo se utilizan en textos formales y novelas, dan una sensación de fantasía o filosofía.

Los verbos franceses tienen cuatro modos: indicativo, subjuntivo, condicional e imperativo. Cada uno de los modos tiene sus propios tiempos. Al hablar de gramática, algunas palabras tienen significados adicionales, por lo que sería bueno familiarizarse con algunas definiciones nuevas.

DEFINICIONES

Oraciones: una parte de una oración que tiene como mínimo un sujeto y un verbo. Una oración estará precedida por conjunciones como: que, cuando, etc. P.ej., Es el pastel más grande que he visto jamás (las oraciones están subrayadas).

Imperfecto: una acción pasada no se completó.

Perfecto: una acción pasada se completó.

Simple: un tiempo que se compone de una palabra, en lugar de dos. P.ej., Comí frente a He comido.

Oraciones	una parte de una oración que tiene como mínimo un sujeto y un verbo. Una oración estará precedida por conjunciones como: que, cuando, etc. P.ej., Es el pastel más grande que he visto jamás (las oraciones están subrayadas).
Imperfecto	una acción pasada no se completó.
Perfecto	una acción pasada se completó.
Simple	un tiempo que se compone de una palabra, en lugar de dos. P.ej., Comí frente a He comido.

INDICATIVO

Presente: The indicative present tense in French is used to express actions that are happening at time of discussion or of story-telling.

Imperfecto: The indicative imperfect tense in French is used to express actions that happened in the past, but that may or may not have been completed, that had been executed multiple times in the past or that had happened over a long period of time in comparison to now.

Pluscuamperfecto: The indicative plus-que-parfait tense in French is used to express that an action was completed before or after another action in the past. The plus-que-parfait tense is used for whichever action happened first, while a regular perfect or imperfect tense is used for the second. The plus-que-parfait tense is the written equivalent of the past perfect tense. This means, this tense is only to be used when speaking.

Pretérito anterior: The indicative past perfect tense in French is used to express that an action was completed before or after another action in the past. The past perfect tense is used for whichever action happened first, while a regular perfect or imperfect tense is used for the second. The past perfect tense is the literary equivalent of the plus-que-parfait tense. This means, this tense is only to be used when writing. The past perfect is normally preceded by the following conjunctions: quand (when), lorsque (when), après que (after), aussitôt que (as soon as), dès que (as soon as).

Futuro: The indicative simple future tense in French is used to express actions that will happen in the future.

Futuro compuesto: The indicative future perfect tense in French is used to express actions that will happen and be completed in the future. It also has other applications, such as being used to express probability in the past, talking about historical events and for the subordinate clause in timed events where the subordinate clause happens after or before the main clause and that follows one of the following conjuctions: quand, lorsque, aussitôt que, une fois que, dès que or après que.

Pretérito perfecto: The indicative passé composé tense in French is used to express actions that happened in the past and that have been completed. The passé composé is a 'perfect' tense, meaning 'completed', where as the imperfect tense is a past tense that is incomplete. Read Notable points for more.

Pretérito: The indicative simple past tense in French is a literary tense that is used to express actions that happened in the past and that have been completed. The simple past is a 'perfect' tense, meaning 'completed', where as the imperfect tense is a past tense that is incomplete. The simple past tense is the literary equivalent of the passé composé. Read Notable points for more.

Presente	The indicative present tense in French is used to express actions that are happening at time of discussion or of story-telling.
Imperfecto	The indicative imperfect tense in French is used to express actions that happened in the past, but that may or may not have been completed, that had been executed multiple times in the past or that had happened over a long period of time in comparison to now.
Pluscuamperfecto	The indicative plus-que-parfait tense in French is used to express that an action was completed before or after another action in the past. The plus-que-parfait tense is used for whichever action happened first, while a regular perfect or imperfect tense is used for the second. The plus-que-parfait tense is the written equivalent of the past perfect tense. This means, this tense is only to be used when speaking.
Pretérito anterior	The indicative past perfect tense in French is used to express that an action was completed before or after another action in the past. The past perfect tense is used for whichever action happened first, while a regular perfect or imperfect tense is used for the second. The past perfect tense is the literary equivalent of the plus-que-parfait tense. This means, this tense is only to be used when writing. The past perfect is normally preceded by the following conjunctions: quand (when), lorsque (when), après que (after), aussitôt que (as soon as), dès que (as soon as).
Futuro	The indicative simple future tense in French is used to express actions that will happen in the future.
Futuro compuesto	The indicative future perfect tense in French is used to express actions that will happen and be completed in the future. It also has other applications, such as being used to express probability in the past, talking about historical events and for the subordinate clause in timed events where the subordinate clause happens after or before the main clause and that follows one of the following conjuctions: quand, lorsque, aussitôt que, une fois que, dès que or après que.
Pretérito perfecto	The indicative passé composé tense in French is used to express actions that happened in the past and that have been completed. The passé composé is a 'perfect' tense, meaning 'completed', where as the imperfect tense is a past tense that is incomplete. Read Notable points for more.
Pretérito	The indicative simple past tense in French is a literary tense that is used to express actions that happened in the past and that have been completed. The simple past is a 'perfect' tense, meaning 'completed', where as the imperfect tense is a past tense that is incomplete. The simple past tense is the literary equivalent of the passé composé. Read Notable points for more.

Declaraciones factuales

INDICATIF

INDICATIVO

PRÉSENT

PRESENTE

Acciones presentes y progresivas
Je mange
Estoy comiendo; Como

IMPARFAIT

IMPERFECTO

Acciones pasadas incompletas o continuas
Je mangeais
Estaba comiendo; Comía

PLUS-QUE-PARFAIT

PLUSCUAMPERFECTO

Primera oración en el pasado para completar
J'avais mangé quand ...
Había comido cuando ...

PASSÉ ANTÉRIEUR

PRETÉRITO ANTERIOR

Versión literaria de pluscuamperfecto
J'eus mangé quand ...
Hube comido cuando ...

FUTUR ANTÉRIEUR

FUTURO COMPUESTO

Acciones completadas en el futuro
J'aurai mangé
Habré comido

FUTUR SIMPLE

FUTURO

Acciones en el futuro
Je mangerai
Comeré

PASSÉ SIMPLE

PRETÉRITO

Versión literaria de pretérito perfecto
Je mangeai
Comí

PASSÉ COMPOSÉ

PRETÉRITO PERFECTO

Acciones completadas
J'ai mangé
He comido

SUBJUNTIVO

Presente: The subjunctive present tense is used when the main clause is in the present and the subjunctive is also in the present tense. Learn when to use the subjunctive here. The present subjunctive also replaces the future tense as it still happens after the main clause.

Pasado: The subjunctive past tense is used when the subjunctive clause happens before the main clause or when the main clause itself is in the past tense. Learn when to use the subjunctive here.

Pluscuamperfecto: The subjunctive plus-que-parfait tense is used when the main clause is in the past tense and the subjunctive clause, the subordinate, happened before the main clause. Learn when to use the subjunctive here. The subjunctive plus-que-parfait is also a literary tense for the subjunctive past tense, it can only be used when writing newspapers, novels, etc.

Imperfecto: The subjunctive imperfect is used when the main clause is in the past tense and the subjunctive clause, the subordinate, didn't happen first. Learn when to use the subjunctive here. The subjunctive imperfect is also a literary tense for the subjunctive present tense, it can only be used when writing newspapers, novels, etc.

Presente	The subjunctive present tense is used when the main clause is in the present and the subjunctive is also in the present tense. Learn when to use the subjunctive here. The present subjunctive also replaces the future tense as it still happens after the main clause.
Pasado	The subjunctive past tense is used when the subjunctive clause happens before the main clause or when the main clause itself is in the past tense. Learn when to use the subjunctive here.
Pluscuamperfecto	The subjunctive plus-que-parfait tense is used when the main clause is in the past tense and the subjunctive clause, the subordinate, happened before the main clause. Learn when to use the subjunctive here. The subjunctive plus-que-parfait is also a literary tense for the subjunctive past tense, it can only be used when writing newspapers, novels, etc.
Imperfecto	The subjunctive imperfect is used when the main clause is in the past tense and the subjunctive clause, the subordinate, didn't happen first. Learn when to use the subjunctive here. The subjunctive imperfect is also a literary tense for the subjunctive present tense, it can only be used when writing newspapers, novels, etc.

Oraciones subordinadas inciertas

SUBJONCTIF

SUBJUNTIVO

PRÉSENT

PRESENTE

Acciones presentes y progresivas
... que je mange
... que yo coma

PASSÉ

PASADO

Acciones pasadas
... que j'aie mangé
... que yo haya comido

PLUS-QUE-PARFAIT

PLUSCUAMPERFECTO

Versión literaria de pasado
... que j'eusse mangé
... que yo hubiese comido

IMPARFAIT

IMPERFECTO

Versión literaria de presente
... que je mangeasse
... que yo comiese

CONDICIONAL

Presente: The conditional present tense in French is used to express what would happen given certain events or actions. The conditional mood in French has two extra applications that are different in English. 1) When you're saying what someone said they will do in the future. 2) When the condition of the conditional clause happens while or at the same time. This is the case when quand, lorsque, au moment où, dès que, aussitôt que, pendant que or tandis que are used. In English we use an imperfect or perfect past tense but in French they use the conditional.

Pasado: The conditional past tense in French is used to express what would have happened given certain events or actions.

Pasado (2.^o): The 2^nd conditional past tense in French is used to express what would have happened given certain events or actions when writing. This tense is the literary equivalent of the past conditional. The tense works the same but resembles the subjunctive plus-que-parfait.

Presente	The conditional present tense in French is used to express what would happen given certain events or actions. The conditional mood in French has two extra applications that are different in English. 1) When you're saying what someone said they will do in the future. 2) When the condition of the conditional clause happens while or at the same time. This is the case when quand, lorsque, au moment où, dès que, aussitôt que, pendant que or tandis que are used. In English we use an imperfect or perfect past tense but in French they use the conditional.
Pasado	The conditional past tense in French is used to express what would have happened given certain events or actions.
Pasado (2.^o)	The 2^nd conditional past tense in French is used to express what would have happened given certain events or actions when writing. This tense is the literary equivalent of the past conditional. The tense works the same but resembles the subjunctive plus-que-parfait.

Oraciones dependientes

CONDITIONNEL

CONDICIONAL

PRÉSENT

PRESENTE

Acciones hipotéticas presentes
Je mangerais
Comería

PASSÉ

PASADO

Acciones hipotéticas pasadas
J'aurais mangé
Habría comido

PASSÉ 2^e

PASADO (2.^O)

Versión literaria de pasado
J'eusse mangé
Habría comido

IMPERATIVO

Presente: The imperative present tense in French is used to express a command, just like in English.

Pasado: The imperative past tense in French is used to express something that must be done before a certain time.

Presente	The imperative present tense in French is used to express a command, just like in English.
Pasado	The imperative past tense in French is used to express something that must be done before a certain time.

Comandos

IMPÉRATIF

IMPERATIVO

PRÉSENT

PRESENTE

Comandos presentes
Mange !
¡Come!

PASSÉ

PASADO

Comandos como oraciones principales
Aie mangé avant ... !
¡He comido antes de ...!

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