图片:Pixabay。大理石阁(Cour de Marbre)在凡尔赛宫(Château de Versailles)。


法语动词时态

法语中有很多动词时态。这里有一张非常有用的信息图,可以确保你了解所有动词时态。


法语中有很多动词时态,这可能看起来让人不知所措。使用以下信息图来了解你应该使用哪种动词时态。请注意:有些时态仅供文学使用。文学时态只用于正式写作和小说。文学时态可以给人一种奇幻或哲学的感觉。

法语动词有四种语气:已然语气,虚拟语气,条件语气和祈使语气。每种语气都有各自的时态。在讨论语法时,有些单词有额外的定义,因此理解以下定义很重要:

定义
从句: 句子中至少包含一个主语和一个动词的部分。从句前面有连词,例如:quequand 等。例如,C'est le plus gros gâteau que j'ai jamais vu【这是我见过的最大的蛋糕】(该从句下面有一行)。
未完成过去时: 某项动作在过去尚未完成。
完成过去时: 某项动作在过去已经完成。
简单: 由一个单词组成的时态,而不是两个词。 例如,J'irrai 相比 Je vais aller
从句 句子中至少包含一个主语和一个动词的部分。从句前面有连词,例如:quequand 等。例如,C'est le plus gros gâteau que j'ai jamais vu【这是我见过的最大的蛋糕】(该从句下面有一行)。
未完成过去时 某项动作在过去尚未完成。
完成过去时 某项动作在过去已经完成。
简单 由一个单词组成的时态,而不是两个词。 例如,J'irrai 相比 Je vais aller




现在时: The indicative present tense in French is used to express actions that are happening at time of discussion or of story-telling.
未完成过去时: The indicative imperfect tense in French is used to express actions that happened in the past, but that may or may not have been completed, that had been executed multiple times in the past or that had happened over a long period of time in comparison to now.
愈过去时: The indicative plus-que-parfait tense in French is used to express that an action was completed before or after another action in the past. The plus-que-parfait tense is used for whichever action happened first, while a regular perfect or imperfect tense is used for the second. The plus-que-parfait tense is the written equivalent of the past perfect tense. This means, this tense is only to be used when speaking.
先过去时: The indicative past perfect tense in French is used to express that an action was completed before or after another action in the past. The past perfect tense is used for whichever action happened first, while a regular perfect or imperfect tense is used for the second. The past perfect tense is the literary equivalent of the plus-que-parfait tense. This means, this tense is only to be used when writing. The past perfect is normally preceded by the following conjunctions: quand (when), lorsque (when), après que (after), aussitôt que (as soon as), dès que (as soon as).
简单将来时: The indicative simple future tense in French is used to express actions that will happen in the future.
先将来时: The indicative future perfect tense in French is used to express actions that will happen and be completed in the future. It also has other applications, such as being used to express probability in the past, talking about historical events and for the subordinate clause in timed events where the subordinate clause happens after or before the main clause and that follows one of the following conjuctions: quand, lorsque, aussitôt que, une fois que, dès que or après que.
复合过去时: The indicative passé composé tense in French is used to express actions that happened in the past and that have been completed. The passé composé is a 'perfect' tense, meaning 'completed', where as the imperfect tense is a past tense that is incomplete. Read Notable points for more.
简单过去时: The indicative simple past tense in French is a literary tense that is used to express actions that happened in the past and that have been completed. The simple past is a 'perfect' tense, meaning 'completed', where as the imperfect tense is a past tense that is incomplete. The simple past tense is the literary equivalent of the passé composé. Read Notable points for more.
现在时 The indicative present tense in French is used to express actions that are happening at time of discussion or of story-telling.
未完成过去时 The indicative imperfect tense in French is used to express actions that happened in the past, but that may or may not have been completed, that had been executed multiple times in the past or that had happened over a long period of time in comparison to now.
愈过去时 The indicative plus-que-parfait tense in French is used to express that an action was completed before or after another action in the past. The plus-que-parfait tense is used for whichever action happened first, while a regular perfect or imperfect tense is used for the second. The plus-que-parfait tense is the written equivalent of the past perfect tense. This means, this tense is only to be used when speaking.
先过去时 The indicative past perfect tense in French is used to express that an action was completed before or after another action in the past. The past perfect tense is used for whichever action happened first, while a regular perfect or imperfect tense is used for the second. The past perfect tense is the literary equivalent of the plus-que-parfait tense. This means, this tense is only to be used when writing. The past perfect is normally preceded by the following conjunctions: quand (when), lorsque (when), après que (after), aussitôt que (as soon as), dès que (as soon as).
简单将来时 The indicative simple future tense in French is used to express actions that will happen in the future.
先将来时 The indicative future perfect tense in French is used to express actions that will happen and be completed in the future. It also has other applications, such as being used to express probability in the past, talking about historical events and for the subordinate clause in timed events where the subordinate clause happens after or before the main clause and that follows one of the following conjuctions: quand, lorsque, aussitôt que, une fois que, dès que or après que.
复合过去时 The indicative passé composé tense in French is used to express actions that happened in the past and that have been completed. The passé composé is a 'perfect' tense, meaning 'completed', where as the imperfect tense is a past tense that is incomplete. Read Notable points for more.
简单过去时 The indicative simple past tense in French is a literary tense that is used to express actions that happened in the past and that have been completed. The simple past is a 'perfect' tense, meaning 'completed', where as the imperfect tense is a past tense that is incomplete. The simple past tense is the literary equivalent of the passé composé. Read Notable points for more.

纪实的发言
INDICATIF
已然语气
PRÉSENT
现在时
当前和进步的行动
IMPARFAIT
未完成过去时
在过去,未完成的或连续的行动
PLUS-QUE-PARFAIT
愈过去时
在过去,第一个要完成的从句
PASSÉ ANTÉRIEUR
先过去时
愈过去时的文学版
FUTUR ANTÉRIEUR
先将来时
在未来,完成的行动
FUTUR SIMPLE
简单将来时
未来的行动
PASSÉ SIMPLE
简单过去时
复合过去时的文学版
PASSÉ COMPOSÉ
复合过去时
已完成的动作


现在时: The subjunctive present tense is used when the main clause is in the present and the subjunctive is also in the present tense. Learn when to use the subjunctive here. The present subjunctive also replaces the future tense as it still happens after the main clause.
过去式: The subjunctive past tense is used when the subjunctive clause happens before the main clause or when the main clause itself is in the past tense. Learn when to use the subjunctive here.
愈过去时: The subjunctive plus-que-parfait tense is used when the main clause is in the past tense and the subjunctive clause, the subordinate, happened before the main clause. Learn when to use the subjunctive here. The subjunctive plus-que-parfait is also a literary tense for the subjunctive past tense, it can only be used when writing newspapers, novels, etc.
未完成过去时: The subjunctive imperfect is used when the main clause is in the past tense and the subjunctive clause, the subordinate, didn't happen first. Learn when to use the subjunctive here. The subjunctive imperfect is also a literary tense for the subjunctive present tense, it can only be used when writing newspapers, novels, etc.
现在时 The subjunctive present tense is used when the main clause is in the present and the subjunctive is also in the present tense. Learn when to use the subjunctive here. The present subjunctive also replaces the future tense as it still happens after the main clause.
过去式 The subjunctive past tense is used when the subjunctive clause happens before the main clause or when the main clause itself is in the past tense. Learn when to use the subjunctive here.
愈过去时 The subjunctive plus-que-parfait tense is used when the main clause is in the past tense and the subjunctive clause, the subordinate, happened before the main clause. Learn when to use the subjunctive here. The subjunctive plus-que-parfait is also a literary tense for the subjunctive past tense, it can only be used when writing newspapers, novels, etc.
未完成过去时 The subjunctive imperfect is used when the main clause is in the past tense and the subjunctive clause, the subordinate, didn't happen first. Learn when to use the subjunctive here. The subjunctive imperfect is also a literary tense for the subjunctive present tense, it can only be used when writing newspapers, novels, etc.
不确定的從屬子句
SUBJONCTIF
虚拟语气
PRÉSENT
现在时
当前和进步的行动
PASSÉ
过去式
过去的行动
PLUS-QUE-PARFAIT
愈过去时
过去式的文学版
IMPARFAIT
未完成过去时
现在时的文学版

现在时: The conditional present tense in French is used to express what would happen given certain events or actions. The conditional mood in French has two extra applications that are different in English. 1) When you're saying what someone said they will do in the future. 2) When the condition of the conditional clause happens while or at the same time. This is the case when quand, lorsque, au moment où, dès que, aussitôt que, pendant que or tandis que are used. In English we use an imperfect or perfect past tense but in French they use the conditional.
过去式: The conditional past tense in French is used to express what would have happened given certain events or actions.
过去式(第2): The 2nd conditional past tense in French is used to express what would have happened given certain events or actions when writing. This tense is the literary equivalent of the past conditional. The tense works the same but resembles the subjunctive plus-que-parfait.
现在时 The conditional present tense in French is used to express what would happen given certain events or actions. The conditional mood in French has two extra applications that are different in English. 1) When you're saying what someone said they will do in the future. 2) When the condition of the conditional clause happens while or at the same time. This is the case when quand, lorsque, au moment où, dès que, aussitôt que, pendant que or tandis que are used. In English we use an imperfect or perfect past tense but in French they use the conditional.
过去式 The conditional past tense in French is used to express what would have happened given certain events or actions.
过去式(第2) The 2nd conditional past tense in French is used to express what would have happened given certain events or actions when writing. This tense is the literary equivalent of the past conditional. The tense works the same but resembles the subjunctive plus-que-parfait.
從屬子句
CONDITIONNEL
条件语气
PRÉSENT
现在时
现在时的假设行动
PASSÉ
过去式
过去式的假设行动
PASSÉ 2e
过去式(第2)
过去式的文学版


现在时: The imperative present tense in French is used to express a command, just like in English.
过去式: The imperative past tense in French is used to express something that must be done before a certain time.
现在时 The imperative present tense in French is used to express a command, just like in English.
过去式 The imperative past tense in French is used to express something that must be done before a certain time.
命令
IMPÉRATIF
祈使语气
PRÉSENT
现在时
现在时态的命令
PASSÉ
过去式
命令作为主句



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法语中有很多动词时态。这里有一张非常有用的信息图,可以确保你了解所有动词时态。
法语动词时态
  你最近搜索过的动词

你还没有搜索过任何运动……

  Mot du jour
 ORGANISER
组织
显示所有语言
动词是100%规则的
变位
 字典
收藏夹
添加到列表
关注我们,每天阅读 Mot du jour

  你最近搜索过的动词

你还没有搜索过任何运动……
  动词列表

A1
小学

A2
小学

B1
中级

B2
中级

C1
高级

C2
高级
  搜寻最多的动词
acheter
aller
accepter
accorder
aimer
aider
avoir
manger
être
choisir
parler
faire
apprendre
pouvoir
agir
savoir
assurer
accueillir
devoir
voir
venir
connaître
jouer
passer
partir
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  H aspiré 的动词
haïr
hacher
hachurer
haler
haleter
hancher
handicaper
hannetonner
hanter
happer
haranguer
harasser
harceler
harder
harnacher
harpailler
harper
harponner
hasarder
haubaner
hausser
haver
havir
hâler
hâter
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  初学者的必备的100个动词
accepter
acheter
agir
aimer
ajouter
aller
appartenir
appeler
apporter
apprendre
arriver
assurer
atteindre
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avoir
écrire
être
changer
chercher
choisir
commencer
comprendre
compter
concerner
connaître
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  需要《être》而不是《avoir》的动词
aller
arriver
décéder
descendre
devenir
entrer
monter
mourir
naître
naitre
partir
parvenir
passer
redescendre
remonter
renaître
renaitre
rentrer
repartir
repasser
ressortir
rester
retomber
retourner
revenir
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Francisez
对于亲法者
了解不规则性
  ├ 分词
  ├ 已然语气
    ├ 现在时 ( -ER | -IR | -RE )
    └ 简单过去时 ( -ER | -IR | -RE )
  ├ 虚拟语气
  ├ 条件语气
  └ 祈使语气
言语
这些图标是由 Freepikhttps://www.flaticon.com/fr/ 上创建的。