Francisez | Temps des verbes en français

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Temps des verbes en français

Il y a de nombreux temps de verbes dans la langue française. Vous trouverez ici une infographie très utile pour vous assurer de connaître tous les temps de verbes.

法语中有很多动词时态，这可能看起来让人不知所措。使用以下信息图来了解你应该使用哪种动词时态。请注意：有些时态仅供文学使用。文学时态只用于正式写作和小说。文学时态可以给人一种奇幻或哲学的感觉。

法语动词有四种语气：已然语气，虚拟语气，条件语气和祈使语气。每种语气都有各自的时态。在讨论语法时，有些单词有额外的定义，因此理解以下定义很重要：

定义

从句: 句子中至少包含一个主语和一个动词的部分。从句前面有连词，例如：que，quand 等。例如，C'est le plus gros gâteau que j'ai jamais vu【这是我见过的最大的蛋糕】（该从句下面有一行）。

Imparfait : 某项动作在过去尚未完成。

完成过去时: 某项动作在过去已经完成。

简单: 由一个单词组成的时态，而不是两个词。例如，J'irrai 相比 Je vais aller。

从句	句子中至少包含一个主语和一个动词的部分。从句前面有连词，例如：que，quand 等。例如，C'est le plus gros gâteau que j'ai jamais vu【这是我见过的最大的蛋糕】（该从句下面有一行）。
Imparfait	某项动作在过去尚未完成。
完成过去时	某项动作在过去已经完成。
简单	由一个单词组成的时态，而不是两个词。例如，J'irrai 相比 Je vais aller。

INDICATIF

Présent : The indicative present tense in French is used to express actions that are happening at time of discussion or of story-telling.

Imparfait : The indicative imperfect tense in French is used to express actions that happened in the past, but that may or may not have been completed, that had been executed multiple times in the past or that had happened over a long period of time in comparison to now.

Plus-que-parfait : The indicative plus-que-parfait tense in French is used to express that an action was completed before or after another action in the past. The plus-que-parfait tense is used for whichever action happened first, while a regular perfect or imperfect tense is used for the second. The plus-que-parfait tense is the written equivalent of the past perfect tense. This means, this tense is only to be used when speaking.

Passé antérieur : The indicative past perfect tense in French is used to express that an action was completed before or after another action in the past. The past perfect tense is used for whichever action happened first, while a regular perfect or imperfect tense is used for the second. The past perfect tense is the literary equivalent of the plus-que-parfait tense. This means, this tense is only to be used when writing. The past perfect is normally preceded by the following conjunctions: quand (when), lorsque (when), après que (after), aussitôt que (as soon as), dès que (as soon as).

Futur simple : The indicative simple future tense in French is used to express actions that will happen in the future.

Futur antérieur : The indicative future perfect tense in French is used to express actions that will happen and be completed in the future. It also has other applications, such as being used to express probability in the past, talking about historical events and for the subordinate clause in timed events where the subordinate clause happens after or before the main clause and that follows one of the following conjuctions: quand, lorsque, aussitôt que, une fois que, dès que or après que.

Passé composé : The indicative passé composé tense in French is used to express actions that happened in the past and that have been completed. The passé composé is a 'perfect' tense, meaning 'completed', where as the imperfect tense is a past tense that is incomplete. Read Notable points for more.

Passé simple : The indicative simple past tense in French is a literary tense that is used to express actions that happened in the past and that have been completed. The simple past is a 'perfect' tense, meaning 'completed', where as the imperfect tense is a past tense that is incomplete. The simple past tense is the literary equivalent of the passé composé. Read Notable points for more.

Présent	The indicative present tense in French is used to express actions that are happening at time of discussion or of story-telling.
Imparfait	The indicative imperfect tense in French is used to express actions that happened in the past, but that may or may not have been completed, that had been executed multiple times in the past or that had happened over a long period of time in comparison to now.
Plus-que-parfait	The indicative plus-que-parfait tense in French is used to express that an action was completed before or after another action in the past. The plus-que-parfait tense is used for whichever action happened first, while a regular perfect or imperfect tense is used for the second. The plus-que-parfait tense is the written equivalent of the past perfect tense. This means, this tense is only to be used when speaking.
Passé antérieur	The indicative past perfect tense in French is used to express that an action was completed before or after another action in the past. The past perfect tense is used for whichever action happened first, while a regular perfect or imperfect tense is used for the second. The past perfect tense is the literary equivalent of the plus-que-parfait tense. This means, this tense is only to be used when writing. The past perfect is normally preceded by the following conjunctions: quand (when), lorsque (when), après que (after), aussitôt que (as soon as), dès que (as soon as).
Futur simple	The indicative simple future tense in French is used to express actions that will happen in the future.
Futur antérieur	The indicative future perfect tense in French is used to express actions that will happen and be completed in the future. It also has other applications, such as being used to express probability in the past, talking about historical events and for the subordinate clause in timed events where the subordinate clause happens after or before the main clause and that follows one of the following conjuctions: quand, lorsque, aussitôt que, une fois que, dès que or après que.
Passé composé	The indicative passé composé tense in French is used to express actions that happened in the past and that have been completed. The passé composé is a 'perfect' tense, meaning 'completed', where as the imperfect tense is a past tense that is incomplete. Read Notable points for more.
Passé simple	The indicative simple past tense in French is a literary tense that is used to express actions that happened in the past and that have been completed. The simple past is a 'perfect' tense, meaning 'completed', where as the imperfect tense is a past tense that is incomplete. The simple past tense is the literary equivalent of the passé composé. Read Notable points for more.

纪实的发言

INDICATIF

PRÉSENT

当前和进步的行动
Je mange
我现在吃饭，我吃饭

IMPARFAIT

在过去，未完成的或连续的行动
Je mangeais
我以前吃饭（不止一次，在过去）

PLUS-QUE-PARFAIT

在过去，第一个要完成的从句
J'avais mangé quand ...
我吃完了饭

PASSÉ ANTÉRIEUR

愈过去时的文学版
J'eus mangé quand ...
我吃完了饭（与现在无关，文学）

FUTUR ANTÉRIEUR

在未来，完成的行动
J'aurai mangé
我会吃完了饭（未来完成的过去时）

FUTUR SIMPLE

未来的行动
Je mangerai
我会吃饭（在未来）

PASSÉ SIMPLE

复合过去时的文学版
Je mangeai
我吃过饭（文学）

PASSÉ COMPOSÉ

已完成的动作
J'ai mangé
我吃过饭；我吃了饭

SUBJONCTIF

Présent : The subjunctive present tense is used when the main clause is in the present and the subjunctive is also in the present tense. Learn when to use the subjunctive here. The present subjunctive also replaces the future tense as it still happens after the main clause.

Passé : The subjunctive past tense is used when the subjunctive clause happens before the main clause or when the main clause itself is in the past tense. Learn when to use the subjunctive here.

Plus-que-parfait : The subjunctive plus-que-parfait tense is used when the main clause is in the past tense and the subjunctive clause, the subordinate, happened before the main clause. Learn when to use the subjunctive here. The subjunctive plus-que-parfait is also a literary tense for the subjunctive past tense, it can only be used when writing newspapers, novels, etc.

Imparfait : The subjunctive imperfect is used when the main clause is in the past tense and the subjunctive clause, the subordinate, didn't happen first. Learn when to use the subjunctive here. The subjunctive imperfect is also a literary tense for the subjunctive present tense, it can only be used when writing newspapers, novels, etc.

Présent	The subjunctive present tense is used when the main clause is in the present and the subjunctive is also in the present tense. Learn when to use the subjunctive here. The present subjunctive also replaces the future tense as it still happens after the main clause.
Passé	The subjunctive past tense is used when the subjunctive clause happens before the main clause or when the main clause itself is in the past tense. Learn when to use the subjunctive here.
Plus-que-parfait	The subjunctive plus-que-parfait tense is used when the main clause is in the past tense and the subjunctive clause, the subordinate, happened before the main clause. Learn when to use the subjunctive here. The subjunctive plus-que-parfait is also a literary tense for the subjunctive past tense, it can only be used when writing newspapers, novels, etc.
Imparfait	The subjunctive imperfect is used when the main clause is in the past tense and the subjunctive clause, the subordinate, didn't happen first. Learn when to use the subjunctive here. The subjunctive imperfect is also a literary tense for the subjunctive present tense, it can only be used when writing newspapers, novels, etc.

不确定的從屬子句

SUBJONCTIF

PRÉSENT

当前和进步的行动
... que je mange
我吃饭；我正在吃饭（假设的）

PASSÉ

过去的行动
... que j'aie mangé
我吃过饭（假设的）

PLUS-QUE-PARFAIT

过去式的文学版
... que j'eusse mangé
我吃完了饭（与现在无关，假设的）

IMPARFAIT

现在时的文学版
... que je mangeasse
我以前吃饭（假设的）

CONDITIONNEL

Présent : The conditional present tense in French is used to express what would happen given certain events or actions. The conditional mood in French has two extra applications that are different in English. 1) When you're saying what someone said they will do in the future. 2) When the condition of the conditional clause happens while or at the same time. This is the case when quand, lorsque, au moment où, dès que, aussitôt que, pendant que or tandis que are used. In English we use an imperfect or perfect past tense but in French they use the conditional.

Passé : The conditional past tense in French is used to express what would have happened given certain events or actions.

Passé (2^ème) : The 2^nd conditional past tense in French is used to express what would have happened given certain events or actions when writing. This tense is the literary equivalent of the past conditional. The tense works the same but resembles the subjunctive plus-que-parfait.

Présent	The conditional present tense in French is used to express what would happen given certain events or actions. The conditional mood in French has two extra applications that are different in English. 1) When you're saying what someone said they will do in the future. 2) When the condition of the conditional clause happens while or at the same time. This is the case when quand, lorsque, au moment où, dès que, aussitôt que, pendant que or tandis que are used. In English we use an imperfect or perfect past tense but in French they use the conditional.
Passé	The conditional past tense in French is used to express what would have happened given certain events or actions.
Passé (2^ème)	The 2^nd conditional past tense in French is used to express what would have happened given certain events or actions when writing. This tense is the literary equivalent of the past conditional. The tense works the same but resembles the subjunctive plus-que-parfait.

從屬子句

CONDITIONNEL

PRÉSENT

现在时的假设行动
Je mangerais
如果......我会吃饭

PASSÉ

过去式的假设行动
J'aurais mangé
如果......我会吃饭（在过去）

PASSÉ 2^e

PASSÉ (2^ÈME)

过去式的文学版
J'eusse mangé
如果......我会吃饭（在过去，文学）

IMPÉRATIF

Présent : The imperative present tense in French is used to express a command, just like in English.

Passé : The imperative past tense in French is used to express something that must be done before a certain time.

Présent	The imperative present tense in French is used to express a command, just like in English.
Passé	The imperative past tense in French is used to express something that must be done before a certain time.

命令

IMPÉRATIF

PRÉSENT

现在时态的命令
Mange !
吃饭吧！

PASSÉ

命令作为主句
Aie mangé avant ... !
......之前，吃完了饭把！

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