Francisez | 学习进行变位在已然语气的简单过去时的 -ER 的动词

学习进行变位在已然语气的简单过去时的 -ER 的动词

Le passé simple (littéraire) de l'indicatif

何时使用

The indicative simple past tense in French is a literary tense that is used to express actions that happened in the past and that have been completed. The simple past is a 'perfect' tense, meaning 'completed', where as the imperfect tense is a past tense that is incomplete. The simple past tense is the literary equivalent of the passé composé. Read Notable points for more. Its English equivalents are as follows:

Perfect tense
The tense that is composed with the '-ed' ending when writing.

例如 The dutchess yelled from the window.
Present perfect tense
The tense that is composed as to have plus the past participle of the verb when writing.

例如 He has gone to the shoemaker.
Emphatic past tense
The tense that is composed as did plus the plain form of the verb (the infinitive minus the 'to') when writing.

例如 Although, they did like the tailoring.

使用的例子

例如 1)

Elle aima la pièce.

She liked the play.

例如 2)

Il donna le livre à son ami.

He gave the book to his friend.

例如 3)

Vous parlâtes avec l'homme.

You spoke with the man.

如何变位

Drop the final 'er' of the infinitive of the verb and add the following endings. The infinitive of the verb is plain form of the verb that is found in a dictionary.

Je	-ai	I
Tu	-as	you (s.)
Il	-a	he, she, it
Nous	-âmes	we
Vous	-âtes	you (p., pol.)
Ils	-èrent	they

变位的例子

aimer to love, to like
J'	aimai
Tu	aimas
Il	aima
Nous	aimâmes
Vous	aimâtes
Ils	aimèrent

donner to give
Je	donnai
Tu	donnas
Il	donna
Nous	donnâmes
Vous	donnâtes
Ils	donnèrent

parler to speak
Je	parlai
Tu	parlas
Il	parla
Nous	parlâmes
Vous	parlâtes
Ils	parlèrent

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值得注意的点

Literary tenses

There are 5 literary tenses in French which all have spoken equivalents and the indicative past is one of them. It is also important to note that written tenses are used in literature, journalism, historical texts and narration. The following is a table of literary and spoken equivalents:

Literary	Spoken
IND. simple past	IND passé composé
IND. past perfect	IND. plus-que-parfait
SUBJ. imperfect*	SUBJ. present
SUBJ. plus-que-parfait**	SUBJ. past
COND. 2^nd past	COND. past

* The subjunctive imperfect tense is only the literary form when main clause is in the past tense and the subjunctive clause, the subordinate, didn't happen first.
** The subjunctive plus-que-parfait tense is only the literary form when the main clause is in the past tense and the subjunctive clause happened before the main clause.

Imperfect tense confusion
Do not confuse this tense with the imperfect tense. The simple past tense is used when the action was either completed quickly or was completed in general. This differs to the imperfect tense which is used when the action happened over a long period of time in comparison to now or cannot be finished now.

其他组

-ER

-IR

-RE

其他语气和时态

分词	现在时过去式
已然语气	现在时未完成过去时简单将来时简单过去时复合过去时愈过去时先过去时先将来时	-ER -IR -RE -ER -IR -RE
虚拟语气	现在时未完成过去时愈过去时过去式
条件语气	现在时过去式过去式（第２）
祈使语气	现在时过去式